They will open a new supermarket there soon. 他们很快将在那里开办个新超市 。
A new supermarket will be opened there soon. 一个新超市不久将在那里开办 。
The doctor gave two lectures in English. 那位医生用英语讲了两次课 。
Two lectures were given by the doctor in English. 由那位医生用英语讲了两次课 。
Somebody has warned us to be careful of rats. 有人警告我们要当心老鼠 。
We have been warned to be careful of rats. 我们受到警告,要当心老鼠 。
如果主动语态有两个宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语),变为被动语态时,可将其中任何一个宾语变为主语,另一个不变 。但较常见的是将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语 。
The reporters asked the president some questions. 采访人员们问了总统一些问题 。
The president was asked some questions by the reporters. ( 变间接宾语为主语)
Some questions were asked the president by the reporters. (变直接宾语为主语)
We have given him a job. 我们已给了他一个工作 。
He has been given a job. (变间接宾语为主语)
A job has been given (to) him. (变直接宾语为主语)
(六)含有情态动词的被动语态
句中含有情态动词时,其被动语态的结构是:情态动词+be+过去分词:
The timetable can be changed any time. 时间表随时可以改变 。
This book may not be taken out of the reading room. 这本书不允许带出阅览室 。
This dictionary must be taken good care of. 这本词典必须保管好 。
(七)关于被动语态的几点说明
1、有些动词形式上是主动,意义上是被动 。例如:
School begins in September. 学校九月份开学 。
The library doesn’t open on Sunday. 图书馆星期天不开放 。
The machine runs well. 这台机器容易操作 。
My pen writes well. 我的钢笔好使 。
The cloth washes well. 这料子耐洗 。
The dictionary sells well. 这词典销路很好 。
The book hardly sells. 这书买不出去 。
The door will not shut/lock. 门关/锁不上 。
2、make, see, watch, hear, notice, feel等使役动词和感官动词的宾语后面可以接不带to的不定式作宾补 。但在被动语态中,不定式符号to必须补上 。例如:
They made him go. 他们让他去 。
He was made to go. 他被要求去了 。
I heard him say good-bye to his friends. 我听见他向他的朋友说再见 。
He was heard to say good-bye to his friends. 有人听到他向他的朋友说再见 。
3、除助动词be外,动词get有时也可跟过去分词构成被动语态,是比较口语化的一种被动语态 。这种结构中很少用by短语 。例如:
I got lost in the huge market. 在那个巨大的市场中我迷失了方向 。
You might get killed/hurt. 你会送命/受伤的 。
In the end this story got translated into English. 这故事最后被译成了英文 。
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