怎么分辨现在完成时 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别


一般过去时和现在完成时的共同点是事情都发生在过去,不同点是是否对现在(说话时间)造成影响,造成影响的用现在完成时,否则就用一般过去时;一般过去时常见的标志词有 ago 等,而现在完成时常见的标志词有 since 或 for 等 。
一、用所给动词的正确形式完成以下句子
1. A: Did you like the movie "Star Wars?"
B: I don't know. I (see, never) _____ that movie.
2. Sam (arrive) _____ in San Diego a week ago.
3. My best friend and I (know) _____ each other for over fifteen years. We still get together once a week.
4. Stinson is a fantastic writer. He (write) _____ ten very creative short stories in the last year. One day, he'll be as famous as Hemingway.
5. I (have, not) haven't had this much fun since I (be) _____ a kid.
6. Things (change) _____ a great deal at this company. When we first (start) _____ working here three years ago, the company (have, only) _____ six employees. Since then, we (expand) _____ to include more than 2000 full-time workers.
7. I (tell) _____ him to stay on the path while he was hiking, but he (wander) _____ off into the forest and (be) _____ bitten by a snake.
8. Listen Donna, I don't care if you (miss) _____ the bus this morning. You (be) _____ late to work too many times. You are fired!
9. Sam is from Colorado, which is hundreds of miles from the coast, so he (see, never) _____ the ocean. He should come with us to Miami.
10. How sad! George (dream) _____ of going to California before he died, but he didn't make it. He (see, never) _____ the ocean.
11. In the last hundred years, traveling (become) _____ much easier and very comfortable. In the 19th century, it (take) _____ two or three months to cross North America by covered wagon. The trip (be) _____ very rough and often dangerous. Things (change) _____ a great deal in the last hundred and fifty years. Now you can fly from New York to Los Angeles in a matter of hours.
12. John, I can't believe how much you (change) _____ since the last time I (see) saw you. You (grow) _____ at least a foot!
13. This tree (be) _____ planted by the settlers who (found) _____ our city over four hundred years ago.
14. This mountain (be, never) _____ climbed by anyone. Several mountaineers (try) _____ to reach the top, but nobody (succeed, ever) _____ . The climb is extremely difficult and many people (die) _____ trying to reach the summit.
15. I (visit, never) _____ Africa, but I (travel) _____ to South America several times. The last time I (go) _____ to South America, I (visit) _____ Brazil and Peru. I (spend) _____ two weeks in the Amazon, (hike) _____ for a week near Machu Picchu, and (fly) _____ over the Nazca Lines.

怎么分辨现在完成时 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别

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二、答案、参考翻译及解析
1. have never seen
A: 你喜欢《星球大战》这部电影吗
B: 我不知道 。我从未看过那部电影 。
解析:从 did 和 see(说话时的动作) 这两个发生在不同时间的动作来判断,应该用 have never seen,表示从过去到现在都没看过 。
2. arrived
萨姆一周前到达圣地亚哥 。
解析:一般过去时的标志词 ago,看到它要头也不回地用一般过去时,其他的时态跟它不合 。
3. have known
我和我最好的朋友已经认识超过十五年了 。我们仍然每周聚会一次 。
解析:从后半句用一般现在时的 get 和标志词来判断,应该用现在完成时 have known,或者换句话理解就是这句没有任何地方包含过去的信号 。
4. has written
斯汀森是一位了不起的作家 。去年他写了十篇很有创意的短篇小说 。总有一天,他会和海明威一样出名 。
解析:考点是 last year 和 in the last year 的区别,last year 是一个纯粹的表示过去的且确定的时间,所以它跟一般过去时连用,而 in the last year 指的是今天之前的365天,所以它不是一个具体的时间,它表示从过去365天中的某个时间点到现在的一个时间段,所以它跟现在完成时连用,其他的时间也是类似的道理 。

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